Thyroglossal Cyst

What is a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst?

A thyroglossal duct cyst is a fluid-filled pocket in the front of the neck, above the voice box, present at birth. It forms from leftover tissue during the thyroid gland's development in the womb.

Causes and Detection

• Development: The thyroid starts at the tongue's base and moves down the neck through the thyroglossal duct, which usually disappears. Sometimes part of this duct remains, forming a cyst.
• Detection: Though present at birth, it's usually noticed around age 2, often during an examination for an upper respiratory infection.

Symptoms

• A small, soft, round lump in the front center of the neck
• Tenderness, redness, and swelling if infected
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing

Diagnosis

• Physical Examination: Initial detection by a healthcare provider.
• Tests: Blood tests, ultrasound, CT scan, and fine needle aspiration may be recommended by an ENT specialist.

Treatment Options

• Watchful Waiting: Regular monitoring if the cyst is small and asymptomatic.
• Antibiotics: To treat infections.
• Drainage: If antibiotics are ineffective.
• Surgery: To remove the cyst, which helps with further diagnosis.
• Injection: If surgery is not an option.